=========================
Appendix A - Terminology
=========================
Aggregation Server
-------------------

A server that combines a customer's outgoing traffic from each leg and
splits incoming traffic down each leg. There can be multiple aggregation
servers.

Application Programming Interface (API)
----------------------------------------

A method of allowing one computer system to integrate with another
computer system.

Bandwidth
----------

The amount of data a network connection can transmit or receive in a
given period of time (usually seconds).

Bond
-----

A collection of legs, connected IPs, CPE NAT IPs, routes, and other
settings. A bond is assigned to a single aggregator and can be moved
between aggregators.

Bonder
-------

A device at a client site that sends and receives traffic over multiple
legs.

Bonding
--------

The software running on a client bonder or aggregator that splits and
combines network traffic.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
--------------------------------------

A method of routing and subnetting in IP networks. CIDR eliminated the
previous class-based method of subnetting the IP address space with a
variable-length subnet masking method.

CIDR notation
--------------

A compact method of expressing IP addresses and network masks, such as "
203.0.113.0/24". Compare to the older dot-decimal notation such as
"203.0.113.0/255.255.255.0".

Client Premises Equipment (CPE)
--------------------------------

See bonder.

Connected IP
-------------

IP addresses used for bonded traffic into and out of the device, as well
as routing to customer equipment attached to the Connected IP's
interface.

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
-----------------------------------------

An encryption protocol for datagrams. Defined in `RFC
4347 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4347>`__.

Delta
------

The difference in one-way delay between the highest-latency and
lowest-latency legs in a bond.

Differentiated Services
------------------------

A networking standard for class-based traffic management.

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
------------------------------------------

The differentiated services class requested by a packet.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
-------------------------------------------

A protocol that allows a computer to request an IP address and other
network settings from a server.

Firewall
---------

A device or software program that inspects network traffic before
allowing it into or out of a network.

Flow Sequence Recovery Engine (FSRE)
-------------------------------------

An algorithm that restores the original order of packets in a flow after
they have been subject to reordering.

Flow
-----

A stream of data from a source to a destination, or between a source and
multicast or broadcast targets. For example, a TCP connection is made up
of two flows, because TCP is bi-directional.

Flowlet
--------

An algorithm that minimizes out-of-order packet delivery by splitting
bursts of traffic in a single flow into sub-flows called "flowlets".
Each flowlet is assigned to a single leg. The flow may be assigned to a
different leg after an idle period.

FSRE max hold
--------------

The longest time a packet should be held by the FSRE algorithm while
waiting for packets that were sent before it.

Intelligent Delay-Managed Packet Queuing (IDMPQ)
-------------------------------------------------

An algorithm that constantly analyzes link delay, speed, queue size, and
traffic characteristics to make packet distribution decisions that
minimize packet reordering and delay variation.

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)
-------------------------------------------------------

An identifying number assigned to every cellular device, worldwide.

Jitter
-------

The variation in latency of a network connection.

Latency
--------

The round-trip time between two hosts connected by a network. Latency
increases when the number of routers between the hosts increases or when
the amount of traffic queued at the routers between the hosts increases.

Leg
----

A single Internet connection connected to a bonder.

Management Server
------------------

The web interface where bonds are configured and monitored. There is only one
management server. Prior to 2013.4, this was frequently called a configuration
server.

Network Address Translation (NAT)
----------------------------------

A process used in most private networks that assigns private IP
addresses to machines in the network and routes their Internet traffic
through a single public IP.

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
----------------------------------------------

A tunnelling protocol commonly used by ADSL providers for its management
and security properties.

Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE)
------------------------------------

A method to boot computers from the network rather than from
locally-attached disks. It is used to easily install Bonding on a new
bonder without requiring a CD-ROM or USB drive on the device.

Reordering
-----------

The process of receiving packets in an order other than that in which
they were sent, holding them for a time, and resending them in the
original order. This function is critical to the performance of the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), especially when bonding connections
with very different characteristics, such as a DSL line and a cable
line.

Representational State Transfer (REST)
---------------------------------------

The name of a common design used by modern web-based APIs.

Route
------

Static routes that can be used for additional IP blocks operated by the
customer.

Throughput
-----------

The amount of data a network connection has sent or received in a given
period of time (usually seconds).

Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
---------------------

A network application that allows phone calls to be made over the
Internet.

Round trip time (RTT)
----------------------

See latency.

Secure Shell (SSH)
-------------------

Secure Shell, a protocol for encrypted data transfer between two
computers. It is most often used for console sessions but can also be
used to transfer files and tunnel insecure protocols.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
---------------------------

A method of encrypting TCP connections between hosts.

Send queue size
----------------

The send queue size measures the amount of data that has been queued for
sending on a leg but has not yet been sent.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
------------------------------------------

An industry-standard protocol for monitoring and managing network
devices.

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
-----------------------------

A protocol for preventing loops in a bridged Ethernet network.

Throughput
-----------

Throughput is the amount of data successfully transferred by a
connection in a given period of time. Throughput depends on the rated
bandwidth of a leg as well as other characteristics, such as packet loss
the presence of non-Bonding traffic on the leg.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
------------------------------------

The main protocol used in Internet traffic. It offers reliable transfers
between computers on a network but its throughput is reduced
significantly when packets are received out of order.

Tunnel
-------

A method of capturing IP packets on one network, moving them across
intermediate networks, and releasing them on another network. This
process is usually transparent to the sender and receiver of the
tunnelled traffic.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
-----------------------------

A protocol used on the Internet for transmitting data that requires
timely delivery rather than in-order delivery. It is used for
applications such as VoIP and many tunnelling processes.

X.509
------

A cryptographic standard for certificates and public key infrastructure.
X.509 certificates are a key component in SSL encryption.
